Understanding Knee Osteoarthritis: Causes, Treatment, and How Physiotherapy Can Help

Written By James Leyland

What Is Knee Osteoarthritis?

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint condition where the cartilage in the knee gradually wears away. This leads to pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced mobility. It’s one of the most common causes of chronic knee pain, especially in adults over the age of 50, but it can affect younger people too.

When cartilage breaks down, bones begin to rub against each other, causing pain and inflammation. Over time, this can lead to bone changes, joint instability, and reduced quality of life.

Common Symptoms of Knee Osteoarthritis

Persistent knee pain, especially after activity

  • Stiffness in the morning or after sitting for long periods

  • Swelling around the knee

  • A crunching or grinding sensation (crepitus)

  • Reduced range of motion

  • Difficulty with walking, squatting, or climbing stairs

What Causes Knee Osteoarthritis?

Age-related wear and tear

  • Previous injuries (e.g. ACL tears or meniscus injuries)

  • Obesity, which puts extra pressure on the knee joint

  • Genetics

  • Repetitive stress from work or sport

  • Poor biomechanics (e.g. flat feet, improper gait)

How Can Physiotherapy Help Knee Osteoarthritis?

Physiotherapy is one of the most effective non-surgical treatments for managing knee osteoarthritis. Here's how it helps:

1) Pain Relief

Physiotherapists use manual therapy, soft tissue techniques, and modalities like ultrasound or TENS to reduce inflammation and ease pain.

2) Improve Joint Mobility

Targeted stretches and mobility exercises help loosen stiff joints and improve overall function.

3) Strengthen Supporting Muscles

A strong support system of muscles (especially around the hips, quads, and hamstrings) reduces the load on the knee joint.

4) Gait and Balance Training

Physios assess your walking pattern and correct imbalances that might worsen your symptoms.

5) Lifestyle and Activity Advice

Education on pacing, footwear, and joint protection techniques help you stay active safely.

Best Physiotherapy Exercises for Knee Osteoarthritis

  • Here are some safe, effective knee osteoarthritis exercises that can help:

    1. Quad Sets

    • Sit with your leg straight. Tighten your thigh muscles and press the knee downward.

    • Hold for 5–10 seconds, repeat 10–15 times.

    2. Straight Leg Raises

    • Lie on your back. Raise one leg while keeping it straight and the other bent.

    • Hold for 5 seconds, then lower slowly. Repeat 10–15 times.

    3. Heel Slides

    • Sit or lie down. Slowly slide your heel toward your bottom, bending your knee.

    • Go as far as comfortable, then return to start. Repeat 10–15 times.

    4. Standing Calf Raises

    • Stand and slowly lift your heels off the ground, then lower.

    • Do 2–3 sets of 10–15 reps. Hold a chair for balance if needed.

    5. Step-Ups

    • Step onto a low platform with one leg, then the other. Step down.

    • Strengthens quads and glutes. Start with a small step height.

When to See a Physiotherapist

If knee pain is limiting your daily activities or exercise, it’s time to book an assessment. Early intervention through physiotherapy for osteoarthritis can delay or even prevent the need for surgical options like total knee replacement.

Final Thoughts

Knee osteoarthritis is a common but manageable condition. With the right physiotherapy approach, many patients experience reduced pain, improved mobility, and a better quality of life.

If you’re searching for knee pain treatment near me or need help managing arthritis in the knee, our experienced physiotherapy team is here to help.

James Leyland
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